The Effect of ChiaSeeds (Salvia hispanica L.) on Osteoporosis of Ovariectomized Rats

Abstract
 
The present work aimed to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effect of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) powder (CSP) consumption for ovariectomized (OVX) rats by determination of the phytochemical of CSP and serum biochemical and bone tissue analysis of rats. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in rats under ethyl ether anesthesia. Thirty-five female rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups (n=7). Group 1 was Sham-operated (SHAM), while the other 4 groups were OVX-operated. After 3 weeks of the surgical operation when the malondialdehyde (MDA) was highly elevated as a serum biomarker then the experiment was started.Group 2 was kept as OVX control and groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed on a diet containing CSP in doses 2.5, 5 and 10%, respectively for 5 weeks. Rats weighed twice a week and weight gain was calculated. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and femur bones were removed for estimating bone markers. Resultsof chemical composition of CSP showed that each 100 g contained 31.42% fat, 25% fiber, 16.50% protein and 16.08% carbohydrate. The major constituents of CSP were polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly α-linolenic acid in 38.97% and linoleic acid in 21.08%.The phenolic compounds,myricetin 75.19 mg followed by chlorogenic acid 41.9 mg and quercetin 38.06 mg have been identified by HPLC. The antioxidant activity DPPH was 87.24% in 10% of high tested sample. The results of biological study showed that administration of CSPto OVX ratsdecreased weight gain, serum interleukin-1 beta,MDA,aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphates (ALP). On the other hand,levels of serumglutathione peroxidase, total calcium, ionized calcium and femur bone minerals (calcium and phosphorus) contents were increased by CSP administration.In conclusion, chia seeds exhibit an antioxidantactivity and effective in reducing bone minerals loss in OVX rats. Intake of chia seeds may be beneficial in the elimination of postmenopausal osteoporotic women.